Anthropology and Paleoanthropology, the history of the discipline. Paleoanthropology: Rift Valleys, climate-environmental changes and the adaptation of some species starting from 6 Ma. Analysis of the fossil record from an anatomical-morphological and biomechanical point of view. From Sahelanthropus tchadensis to pre-australopithecine forms: Orrorin tugenensis, Ardipithecus kadabba and ramidus. The australopithecine forms: anamensis, afarensis, bahrelghazali, prometeus, gahri, africanus and sediba. The genus Homo: habilis, ergaster, erectus, antecessor, georgicus, heidelbergensis, naledi, neanderthalensis, sapiens. Physical anthropology: application of identification methods on the skeleton. Generic identification on a skeletal basis: phenotype determination, sex analysis, age at death estimate, height determination. Anthropometry: metric analysis and calculation of body indices. Forensic anthropology: identifying anthropological investigations. Paleopathology: signs of pathological evidence on the skeleton. Anthropology of sport: investigation of constitutional profiles.