- X-ray equipment for radiography
o X-ray tube
o X-ray spectrum
o Filter
o Beam collimation (manual, automatic)
o Patient X-ray absorption and emergent beam
o Anti-diffusion grid
o Generator/power supply
o Detector
o Automatic exposure control system (AEC) - “chambers”
o Control console
- Radiology equipment with digital detector for radiography
o Digital detectors in radiology
o Comparison with analog detectors: technology, response, image reconstruction algorithms, AEC
- Characteristics of a digital image
o Matrix, size, pixel size
o Depth in bits/pixel - gray levels. Color images
o Spatial resolution, contrast resolution, noise, geometric distortion
o DICOM format
- Dosimetric indicators in radiology
o EI, TEI, DI
o DAP/ KAP
o S, EXI, ...
o Kirp, Kref
- Radiological equipment with IB for radioscopy
o Luminance intensifier
o Continuous and pulsed scopia
- Radiological equipment with digital detector for radioscopy
o Special features of detectors and electronics
o Typical artifacts (lag, ...)
- Angiography equipment
o Special features
o Dose indicators (Kirp, KAP)
o Skin dose and deterministic effects
o Image subtraction: mask, contrast media.
- Radiological equipment for use in pediatrics
o Additional filtrations
o Low times and mAs
- CR radiology
o CR Readers
o CR plates
o Algorithms
o S/L
- Mammography equipment
o Spectrum, anode/filter
o Compressor
o 2D Mammography
o Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
o Specific dosimetric indicators in mammography
- Computerized bone densitometry (DXA)
o Principle of operation.
- X-ray computed tomography (CT)
o Acquisition geometry
o Hounsfield unit
o Basic hardware:
 Gantry (X-ray tube, detectors, power supply, cooling)
 Table
 Computer
o Two-stage image production: acquisition, reconstruction
o Characteristics of X-ray tube
o Collimation, bow-tie filters
o Characteristics of detectors
o Acquisition parameters that can be set at the console
o mA modulation. Control parameters and settings.
o Dose indices (CTDI, DLP, ...).
o Image reconstruction methods and control parameters.
o Typical doses in CT.