INSTITUTIONS, HISTORY AND CULTURE OF THE FIRST LANGUAGE OF CHOICE - CHINESE LANGUAGE

Degree course: 
Academic year when starting the degree: 
2023/2024
Year: 
1
Academic year in which the course will be held: 
2023/2024
Seat of the course: 
Como - Università degli Studi dell'Insubria
Credits: 
10
Standard lectures hours: 
60
Requirements: 

It is highly recommended to take at least the first semester of the Chinese Language I year course before or while attending this course. A review of modern and contemporary history would also be useful, a good example of a valid textbook would be: Bayly C.A.,The Birth of the Modern World 1780-1914, London, Wiley-Blackwell, 2003 (ISBN-13: 978-0631236160)

Final Examination: 
Orale

For non-attending students, the exam is written only and consists of a series of open-ended and multiple-choice questions on the course content: ten closed questions (each with three answer choices, only one of which is correct) and three open-ended questions. The exam is to be completed in a maximum time of two hours. The open questions may be worth up to a maximum of 5/30; of the closed questions, four are worth 1/30, the remaining six are worth 2/30. Questions not answered or answered incorrectly are worth 0.
In the open questions, the ability is assessed:
- To organize one's argument clearly and precisely;
- to refer correctly to the texts studied, correctly employing the specialized vocabulary learned;
- to correctly cite place and person names, dates and concepts in Chinese relevant to the topics covered;
- to answer questions (which are always "legitimate questions," thus lacking an unambiguously certain and a priori established answer) critically, developing the analysis of the topic and the argumentation of one's thesis in an original way.

Attending students will be subject to several forms of assessment in progress.
First, they will be able to participate in two group presentations/debates.
The first ("Debate of the Hundred Schools") will take the form of a role-playing game set in the era of the Warring States, in which students are invited to immerse themselves in the reality of a lordly court of the time, dividing themselves into different schools of thought to which the teacher/feudal lord submits a domestic policy problem and a foreign policy problem (both drawn from the historiographical literature on the period).
The second group work ("Debate Saving China") is concerned with the development of papers (argued later in further public debate) from the perspectives of the different political factions (Confucian reformists, Republican revolutionaries, New Culture Movement activists, nationalists, communists) who debated the need to reform China's culture and institutions between the 19th and 20th centuries, from historical documents and monographs by sinologists, historians and other scholars.

Attending students will have access to two written partial exams (the first consists of three open questions, the second of six closed multiple-choice questions), each of which can be worth a maximum of 10/30 before the final exam, which will be oral. Objectives and criteria for the evaluation of these partial exams are similar to those already described for the written exam intended for nonattenders. The first partial will be offered after the first four thematic units, the second partial at the conclusion of the eighth thematic unit. Those who took the partials will be able to limit the final exam to an oral test to complete the two partials taken during the semester. The final grade will therefore take into account the marks obtained in the partial tests (each test is worth 10/30) which will be on the monograph texts chosen by the students from those proposed. Each of these three tests (the two partials plus the oral) must score a minimum of 6/10 to be passed. The first two tests may be repeated only once, failing which students will be referred to the written exam for non-attenders. The points obtained in the group activities offered during the course (expressed in thirtieths), will be added to those obtained in the first two written tests. In the final exam, the final grade will result from the sum of the score thus obtained with the evaluation of the oral test (provided that the latter has been passed, otherwise students may repeat the oral test at the next appeal).Evaluation of the oral test (provided that the latter has been passed, otherwise students may repeat the oral test at the next appeal).

Assessment: 
Voto Finale

This course aims to provide an overview of China's cultural history, the development of Chinese civilization and its basic elements. A common thread running throughout the course will be the focus on the dynamic and complex cross-cultural interactions that have provided key building blocks for the ongoing process shaping Chinese cultural identity.
EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
Students will learn to:
1. grapple with "legitimate questions" (questions that have no prefigured answers, but require study, reflection, analysis and argumentation to seek valid answers, according to von Foerster's well-known definition) about the transformations that China's territory, population, society, politics, economy and culture have experienced over the past three thousand years;
2. learn to make use of the linguistic, socio-historical and bibliographical tools that enable them to understand China today and to foreshadow its most likely scenarios of change;
3. recognize the epistemological contours of the so-called New Sinology, a scientific perspective marked by area studies, which aims to investigate Chinese cultural, social and political reality by drawing on multiple knowledge and disciplines, corroborating solid linguistic skills with contributions from philology, history, geography, cultural studies and social sciences (sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, etc.). An introduction to New Sinology may prove useful not only for the purposes proper to this course, but especially for the eventual continuation of studies in specialized fields more oriented in the Sinological direction.

The course, with a total duration of 60 hours, is divided into 12 thematic units of three hours. Each thematic unit has a tripartite structure, focusing on three legitimate questions salient to the study of Chinese cultural, social and political reality in a given historical period.
The 12 thematic units are as follows:
1. Introduction to the New Sinology and Human Geography of China (Method-Territory-Geopolitics)
2. The contemporary Chinese political system and its challenges (Party-State-Society)
3. The origins of Chinese civilization (The question of "Chineseness"-The legacy of antiquity-The textual canon)
4. Warring states and the hundred philosophical schools (Confucians and Moists - Legists - Taoists and Strategists)
5. The founding of the Empire (Qin and Han - the frontier with the steppe world - writing/bureaucracy/history)
6. The divided empire: (The Three Kingdoms - Mixing of peoples and cultures - Buddhism)
7. The Second Empire (Sui and Tang - cosmopolitanism and its critics - Han Yu and the quest for cultural unity)
8. From the Song to the Ming (the heavenly bureaucracy - the trauma of the Mongol invasion - the Ming restoration)
9. Rise and crisis of the last dynasty (the glory of the Qing empire - the "great divergence" - the clash with foreign imperialism)
10. Saving China (from Self-Strengthening to the Republic - the Warlord Era - the Nanjing Decade and the second Sino-Japanese War)
11. Mao's China (Liberation and rebirth - The Hundred Flowers and the Great Leap Forward - The Cultural Revolution)
12. China during the Reform Era from Deng Xiaoping to Xi Jinping (Reform and Opening - The Economic Miracle - The New Era of the Chinese Dream)

1. Introduction to the New Sinology and Human Geography of China (Method-Territory-Geopolitics)
2. The contemporary Chinese political system and its challenges (Party-State-Society)
3. The origins of Chinese civilization (The question of "Chineseness"-The legacy of antiquity-The textual canon)
4. Warring states and the hundred philosophical schools (Confucians and Moists - Legists - Taoists and Strategists)
5. The founding of the Empire (Qin and Han - the frontier with the steppe world - writing/bureaucracy/history)
6. The divided empire: (The Three Kingdoms - Mixing of peoples and cultures - Buddhism)
7. The Second Empire (Sui and Tang - cosmopolitanism and its critics - Han Yu and the quest for cultural unity)
8. From the Song to the Ming (the heavenly bureaucracy - the trauma of the Mongol invasion - the Ming restoration)
9. Rise and crisis of the last dynasty (the glory of the Qing empire - the "great divergence" - the clash with foreign imperialism)
10. Saving China (from Self-Strengthening to the Republic - the Warlord Era - the Nanjing Decade and the second Sino-Japanese War)
11. Mao's China (Liberation and rebirth - The Hundred Flowers and the Great Leap Forward - The Cultural Revolution)
12. China during the Reform Era from Deng Xiaoping to Xi Jinping (Reform and Opening - The Economic Miracle - The New Era of the Chinese Dream)

Convenzionale

Moments of frontal teaching, devoted to explaining the salient phenomena and concepts for each thematic unit, will alternate with moments of collective discussion, focusing on specific questions ("legitimate questions," according to the famous definition of Austrian physicist Heinz von Foerster). These moments are stimulated by the projection and/or sharing of maps, images, films, historical documents, articles and essays, etc. Students will be provided with bibliographical, sitographical and filmographic directions for further study of each unit covered in class.
Attending students, alongside frontal teaching and moments of collective discussion, will also be offered group work assignments (role-plays, term papers, debates) that will allow, together with partial verifications, an ongoing assessment of learning.

For appointment requests, the professor can be contacted by email (daniele.cologna@uninsubria.it)