General Concepts of Pathology: Aetiology
- extrinsic causes, examples and mechanisms of action of physical and chemical agents
- Intrinsic causes, inheritance and examples of genetic diseases.
- Nutritional factors
Pathogenesis, morphological changes and functional alterations cellular alteration concepts
- causes of cell damage
- cellular adaptation, growth and differentiation; atrophy hypotrophy/hypoplasia; hypertrophy; hyperplasia; metaplasia
- Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis
Healing and repair of injuries
hypersensitivities, general concepts of organ specific and systemic autoimmune diseases
Cancer: Cell cycle control, nomenclature and classes of cancers, benign and malignant tumors, physical, chemical and viral carcinogenesis, genetics and cancer, oncogenes and oncosuppressors, definition and epidemiological evidence for multi-stage carcinogenesis, metastasis.
Immunity; the inflammatory response: acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, inflammation associated pathologies, the innate immune response, cellular and chemical defense barriers; acquired immunity – lymphoid organs, cellular and chemical mediators, the humoral response and immunoglobulin classes, cell mediated responses, specificity, diversity and memory in the immune response, the major histocompatability complex –hypersensitivity, transplant rejection, active and passive immunity, acquired and congenital immuno-deficiencies.
Pathology of the the cardiovascular system and the oral cavity
Concepts of Clinical Pathology